Entomology Relatives Insects - 1867 Words

Entomology: The Study of Insects and their Relatives Insects and their terrestrial relatives belong to the phylum called Arthropoda and have inhabited the earth for an extensive time. Paleontologists show that the earliest fossils, most primitive forms of arthropods date back to the Devonian Period over 350 million years ago (Henning 1981). By the Age of Dinosaurs, 300 million years ago, insects were abundant in number and diversity. Like the dinosaurs, some pre-historic forms of insects were enormous: the dragonfly Meganeuropsis had a wing span of 35 inches, and the giant Mesozoic relatives of the scorpions, the eurypterids, measured over 6 feet in length (Borror and others 1992). The origins and evolution of insects and related†¦show more content†¦Grasshoppers are mostly eaten in the Oriental countries. The â€Å"guasanos de Maguey† larvae of the giant skippers collected from the fleshy leaves of maguey plants eaten in Mexico (Borror and others 1992). In the United States few people eat insects, knowingly. Those eaten are usually sold at gourmet shops. In Western society insect as a food source is ostracized however some including, honey, which is regurgitated by bees, and relatives of insects, such as lobsters, grayfish, shrimp, and crabs, are considered delicacies. Our society has considered eating bugs, â€Å"strictly for the birds.† In fact, presence of bugs in our food source is considered contamination and unsanitary. Although some bugs are highly lethal, not all should be cause for alarm when found on your plate- consider them as a source of extra protein and essential lipids (Gorham 1976). For centuries insects or their products have played a role in therapy. For instance, the jaws of soldier ants have been as sutures for skin wounds, bee venom has been used as treatment for arthritis, and cantharidin product from blister beetles has been used in the treatment of certain urogenital conditions. Since the Roman Empire, it has been known that soldiers with maggot-infested wounds had better outcomes in their wounds than those with un-infested wounds. In fact, the role of blow fly larvae in treating wounds andShow MoreRelatedThree Representative Organisms609 Words   |  2 Pagesthe center of the back (Coleoptera, General Entomology, 2012). The complete development cycle of beetles consists of the conventional egg, larva, pupa, and adult progression. The class is divided into four suborders. The most common are Aedephaga and Polyphaga. In the case of Aedephaga, the first abdominal sternum is divided by the hind coxae and in the case of Polyphaga the first abdominal stern um is undivided (Coleoptera, General Entomology, 2012). Beetles come in a wide variety of typesRead MoreThe Role Of Forensic Science And Criminal Investigations2559 Words   |  11 Pages2016). Forensic investigations take different roles and turns in the investigations to ensure that they arrive at the desired results. One aspect of forensic investigation is entomology. The act involves the use of insects and their arthropod relatives that aid in decomposing remains to aid legal investigations. The insects in this case, can be used to approximate the time of death and this helps investigators determine the period within which the crime was committed. During these cases, the investigatorsRead MoreThe Importance Of Psychology In Your Life960 Words   |  4 Pagespattern of brain activity. The activation of this group of neurons in the brain gives rise to that conscious experience. Today, we know that the subdivision of the neocortex into these four lobes is common to all mammals, although the appearance and relative sizes of the lobes varies considerably across mammalian species. Collectively, some human-beings, like their cellular structure, communicate with tens of thousa nds of others. But, do not communicate randomly or by chance. Instead, they communicateRead MoreAssay Of Nano Aluminium Oxide Essay1571 Words   |  7 Pagesnano-zinc oxide against Sitophilus oryzae as a promising insecticide By El-Bendary,* H. M.; Abdel-Wahab, A. S.; El-Helaly, A. A. * Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt ABSTRACT Rice is one of the most important food crops for more than half of the world s population, the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Read MoreCharles Darwin : Father Of Evolution1582 Words   |  7 Pagesto explore, and his mother had a collection of fancy pigeons that she kept as pets. As a young boy he began collecting all sorts of things: shells, rocks, insects, bird’s eggs, and more. He would collect plant specimens and try to identify them. By the age of ten, he had developed the habit of wandering off for hours to go bird watching or insect hunting (Lockitch). Darwin was not a very hard-working student. He was not interested in the education he received at school and did only the bare minimumRead MoreOrigin of Forensic Science Essay2718 Words   |  11 Pages forensic entomology is the use of the insects, and their arthropod relatives that inhabit decomposing remains to aid legal investigations. The broad field of forensic entomology is commonly broken down into three general areas: medicolegal, urban, and stored product pests. The medicolegal section focuses on the criminal component of the legal system and deals with the necrophagous (or carrion) feeding insects that typically infest human remains. The urban aspect deals with the insects that affectRead MoreHow does the number of maggots in the mass affect the temperature of maggot mass and development of maggots in the mass?2709 Words   |  11 Pagesresults. Introduction Forensic entomology is increasingly helping investigators to uncover serious crimes against victims. Insects make up more than a half of all existing species of living creatures on the Earth. They can be found nearly in all habitats. Fly larvae are the most useful insects for forensic investigations because they have relatively predictable development times (2.). The source of insect food is a variety of chemical ingredients. Recently insects have become more frequently involvedRead MoreThe Thrips And Seasonal Abundance Of The Marigold Thrips1842 Words   |  8 PagesAfrican Entomology Vol. 23, No. 2, 2015Survey of thrips and Seasonal abundance of the marigold thrips Neohydatothrips samayunkur (Kudà ´), a new species in Egypt associated with the African marigold, Tagetes erecta L. A.S. Abdel Wahab*, M.A.K. El-Sheikh S. Elnagar Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt Four different thrips species; marigold thrips, Neohydatothrips samayunkur; western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis; tomatoRead MoreScience and Technology Advancements:Enhancing the quality of life through inventions and research1481 Words   |  6 Pagesin manufacturing steel is Iron 3 An altimeter is used for measuring Altitude 4 Oology is the study of Bird Eggs 5 Radioactivity was discovered by Henry Bacquerel 6 The metal used in storage batteries is Lead 7 The instrument used to measure the relative humidity of air is Hygrometer 8 Barometer was invented by Torricelli 9 The unit of power is Watt 10 Radium was discovered by Marie and Pierrie Curie 11 The existence of isotopes was discovered by Frederick Soddy 12 Dynamo was invented by MichaelRead MoreThe Evolutionary Resistance Of Malaria1377 Words   |  6 Pages(Coleman et al. 2006). Since the rates of resistance were progressing faster than drug development, it is clear that an effective surveillance system was required. A database was utilized to store information on the cases of malaria and there resistance relative to their location, species, mechanism and other analysis (Coleman et al. 2006). Kelley-Hope and colleagues also believed in using management strategies such as insecticide resistance surveillance system to allow for early detection of resistance

Corporate Reputation Free Essays

Success of TIC was linked to the innovative business models to deliver shared value for both societies and shareholders, by leveraging synergies cross businesses to create new differentiated products and superior value propositions. This was also the period when TIC thought of working towards building an ecosystem rather than trying to protecting it. In true sense, It differentiated itself from the rest of world in such a manner that the competitors were left behind by at least two generations. We will write a custom essay sample on Corporate Reputation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sole purpose tot TIC was to serve as a market anchor to the entire value chains. As Shari Y. C. Devonshire, present chairman of TIC Ltd said, â€Å"A country’s brands are a reflection of its competitive strengths and a manifestation of its innovation and intellectual capacity. I strongly believe that a country’s economic capacity is significantly enriched when its institutions build and own internationally competitive brands. Winning brands serve as market anchors to support the competitiveness of the entire value chains of which they are a part Strong domestic brands create much larger value since they create, capture and retain value within the country. Your Company (TIC) takes justifiable pride in creating world-class Indian brands that have demonstrated Immense vitality in the global Indian market place. † Several initiatives which were way different from the conventional marketing mantra ere introduced by TIC and it created a value chain that connected a wide range of stakeholders from the villagers, peasants to the end users. E- Copula, social and ‘Offs initiatives. These laid platforms that connected the rural India to the rest of the world; creating a two way transaction flow. Also it focused on delivering triple bottom line. Flipping through the past: As mentioned, TIC has faced many ups and downs since its inception and the experience it carried forward throughout its Journey helped the organization work on many initiatives which were way unconventional. It pioneered the idea of â€Å"cataloging and channeling investments towards upgrading of human capital expansion and modernization of infrastructure and productivity enhancement in the agric-sector. † The rationale of the idea was to create a shared value in terms of â€Å"a commitment beyond the market†. For Ashes Mamba’s, vice president and head of Social investment, business could and should never overlook the twin problems of India, â€Å"economic inequity and depleting natural resources†. TIC being traditionally a agriculture based company, couldn’t ignore both these factors invested everything engendering these two factors in mind. Creating a societal as well as shareholder value: The key to achieve and sustain economic growth of modern India, as identified by TIC, was simply â€Å"by enhancing the competitiveness of the Indian farmer and effectively linking them to remunerative opportunities in the world market. Since agriculture was the primary meaner of livelihood of more than 58. 4% population of India and with agriculture being the base of It’s business, TIC worked for the betterment of the farmers thereby making its base strong for the future endeavor. E-Copula was a challenging business concept that was meant to embed the social goals of empow ering the farmers and trigger a cycle of higher productivity, enlarged capacity for future investments. E-Copula was digitization of the agricultural sector thereby enhancing the competitiveness of the agric value chain. Real time information and customized knowledge provided e-Copula enhanced farmers’ ability to make decisions and align their farm outputs with market and consumer demand. This was meant to build a system of trust with the farmers â€Å"as a reliable supplier of goods and reveries on the one hand and as a buyer of high quality, cost effective farm output on the other hand. This finally resulted the company to become one of the largest exporters of agricultural products. 4-pronged strategy to tackle Climate Change: By the end of 2009, TIC unveiled its 4-pronged strategy to meet challenges of climate change. It was voluntary and transparent disclosure of the Company’s sustainability initiatives and its contribution to building economic, environmental and social capital to secure the long term interests of its stakeholders. Recognizing the challenges of limited change and global warming and its impact on competitiveness, TIC has adopted decisive strategies to progress its own efforts to support national and international endeavors in mitigating the effects of climate change. TIC is ‘carbon positive’ for 4 consecutive years, currently sequestering twice the amount of carbon status, creating rainwater harvesting potential that is more than twice that consumed by the Company. Irrigating water stressed areas is a critical need following the impact of climate change on Indian’s farming sector. It’s sustainable agricultural raciest also help farmers adapt to the vagaries of climate change. [www. Doctoral. Com] Integration, synergy and growth: The goal of inclusive and sustainable growth: â€Å"The goal of inclusive and sustainable growth – the philosophy underlying the Triple Bottom Line approach – is based on the realization that economic growth cannot be engendered without embracing the vast multitudes living in poverty and addressing the alarming depletion of finite natural resources. Over 75% of those below the poverty line reside in rural India, where agriculture continues to be the predominant resource of livelihood. The declining share of agriculture in GAP has led to the present situation where nearly 60% of Indian’s population shares barely 22% of output. In terms of the foundational view of Dry. Mammary Seen, poverty manifests itself not only as material impoverishment but also in the lack of capacity for the poor to emerge from such a condition. Such fundamental deprivations of freedom suffered by individuals affect their economic performance as well as their ability to seize opportunities offered by functioning and expanding markets. Inclusive and sustainable growth is therefore crucially dependent on creating the capacity to consume among the rural poor. † Riding in the belief of inclusive growth, TIC committed itself to India and beyond the market. With the initiatives like â€Å"farm to food product value chain†, † tree to textbook value chain†, â€Å"aggregate value chain† â€Å"women’s empowerment†, TIC not only proved its commitment beyond business motive but also established itself as an organization which put nation before company. The problem: The problem in front of TIC is two-fold: 1. With its strong value chain linking the rural ND urban economies, especially the fact that rural marketing is the core competence of TIC, should the conglomerate invest in livestock development program so that it can enter into the dairy business? . If the answer of the previous question is yes, then how should the company go about it? Should it consider a pure business model or like several other C.V. initiatives, it should work on a model of shared value connecting the villagers in the value chain? Options: 1 . Simply working on a business model by adhering to the law of the land and paying due ta xes without exploiting or exploring the natural resources. . Not restricting to only business but working for the societal good by investing on philanthropic work. . Going beyond CAR to help out the Nags, self help service providers of the villages to develop and work for the community betterment. 4. Create a sustainable value chain as its other initiatives by leveraging the innovative capacity of the organization and economic development. Recommendation: With the objective of bringing about a significant increase in yield rates during the lactation period, TIC stepped up its breed improvement program initiated in 2004-05. From 32 Cattle Development Centers (CDC) at the close of 2004- 05, the number increased to 72 CDC covering 1 ,500 villages during 2005-06. A total of 27,392 Artificial Insemination (Ass) were conducted during the period, taking the cumulative total to 46,200. The program recorded 3,531 live births during 2005-06, taking the cumulative total to 5,544 high- yielding crossbreeds. The most significant breakthrough in Mugger, Briar, was that the tie-up with Sudan Dairy (COMBED) for supply of milk from this region finally became a reality. TIC portal] Since, TIC already has a huge experience in the rural arrest developing program and a strong commitment towards the society, it can defiantly work on the dairy business by enabling families to upgrade to high-yield livestock and form co-operatives to market their milk. In this process TIC can turn a dormant family resource into an easily adoptable and dynamic rural enterprise. TIC can train and equip technicians to provide an integrated packa ge consisting of artificial insemination, cattle health and nutrition, pregnancy and post-natal services right at the farmer’s doorstep. This development can also act as a bridge to link its DOD business by providing self sufficiency and thereby, in long term enabling a greater value creation. Examples from other industry: As an example of value chain system of an organization to strengthen its base, we would like to discuss about GAMMA and its most trusted brand, Maul. Of course, there is a difference between Maul and TIC about the kind of organization they are, but in terms of C.V., Maul can provide a good example. CAR-sensitive Business Philosophy: The first step towards discharging the CAR is the business philosophy of the GAMMA. It is twofold: one, to serve the interests of milk producers and second, to provide laity products to consumers as value for money. Evolution of an organizational system has ensured that the corporate social responsibility towards the primary milk producers, village and the ecological balance is fulfilled. The milk producers are paid for their milk in accordance with market forces and realization of value for their produce. Invariably the price paid to the member-producers in Gujarat is higher by 15 per cent than the national average. [1] CAR-orientation To Distributors ; Retailers: The GAMMA has identified the distributors and retailers are its important link in its o not get any opportunity of exposure to latest management practices. The GAMMA realized that it was a corporate social responsibility to strengthen the core business processes of its distributors so as to keep them in mainstream business and compete with those with formal training in management. The GAMMA has developed and trained all its distributors through Value-Mission-strategy Workshops, competence building, Maul Hyatt, Maul Quality Circle meetings, computerizing, and electronic commerce activities. Competency Building Module of the GAMMA is meant to infuse repressions selling skills by making the distributors and their salesmen aware of latest sales management tools and techniques; enhance their knowledge of products; positioning and segmentation strategies for various products. Through one to one talk with the farmers, the distributors and salesmen realize MAUL is a large business of small farmers and by selling MAUL products; they are discharging a social responsibility towards a large number of poor farmers whose livelihood depends upon their skill and integrity. [1] 1 . Http://www. Painlessness’s. Com/news/corporate-social-responsibility-the-maul- yam 12172/4 How to cite Corporate Reputation, Papers

A Report On Pulmonary Embolism- Symptoms - Diagnosis and Treatments

Question: Write a Report On Pulmonary Embolism- Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatments? Answer: Introduction The condition of pulmonary embolism is one such process where one or more than one of the pulmonary arteries in a persons lungs get blocked. Under most circumstances it has been observed that this condition of pulmonary embolism is fundamentally caused by the clots in the bloods which travel generally from the legs and other parts of the body to the lungs(Barker, 2012). The condition of pulmonary embolism occurs when it is combined with a deep vein thrombosis and in most of the cases doctors state that such a condition may lead to a state known as venous thromboembolism (StansbyBerridge, 2013). While any person has the chance to develop the deep vein thrombosis as well as the pulmonary embolism, some of the factors that are dangerous in this regard are immobility, surgery and cancer (PiovellaIosub, 2015). The condition of pulmonary embolism can in most cases be very life threatening. However, if prompt treatment is done it can help to reduce the risks leading to death. An extremely easy method to prevent this condition is to take appropriate measures for preventing the blood clots that might be taking place in the legs and hence protect against pulmonary embolism. Further there exist some special types of pulmonary embolism which are generally not caused as a result of blood clots. These types of pulmonary embolism are on the contrary caused due to some other body materials. However, such occurrences are comparatively very rare. These conditions might be due to the fat emboli arising from a broken thigh bone or femur or an amniotic fluid embolus that occurs during pregnancy and in some cases it also occurs from the tumor tissue in case of cancer. Risk Factors Some of the most common sources that lead to pulmonary embolism are pelvic vein embolus or proximal leg deep venous thrombi (Goodacre et al., 2014). Any of the risk factors of proximal leg deep venous thrombosis tend to increase the risk of the dislodging of the venous clot and migration to the lung circulations. Thrombosis usually develops because of a group of clauses that is known as Virchow's triad(Kahler, Moss Beam Kline, 2014). The classical risk factors associated with embolic diseases. The people with advanced age, obesity, prolonged immobility, post-infarction periods, heart failure and pregnancy are predisposing for embolismic disease through venous stasis. The event such as local trauma , vasculitis, and previous thrombosis causes critical damage to the endothelium layer of the venous wall. Contraceptive pills Polycythemia and cancers, especially adeno-carcinomas, are associated with thrombosis disorders with an increased risk of pulmonary embolism. The absence or presenc e of risk factors for embolic disease is sparingly essential information for the diagnosis and evaluation of the likelihood of pulmonary embolism. Diagnosis Although early treatment is highly effective, PE is underdiagnosed and, therefore, the disease remains a major health problem.(Lavorini et al., 2013) This condition is primarily considered to be under diagnosed since in most of the cases the symptoms are not specified and the results of the treatment are significant (Sanjeevi, 2012). One of the standard cares is the objective tests which generally either establishes or refutes the PE diagnosis have become a standard of care. This plan of care must be based on the clinical manifestation and evaluation of the chances of pulmonary embolism. The accuracy of these tests is very high when the results are in accordance with the overall assessment. It is difficult to diagnose clinical symptom of pulmonary embolism. It is often asymptomatic which further add on to the level of difficulty. If the symptoms are present then it is found to be sparingly non- specific sometimes. Trachycardia, cough, loss of consciousness, chest pain and haemoptysis are some of the initial symptom of pulmonary embolism. Pain which is of pleurisy type are often because of PE which causes heavy irritation of pleura and are associated with pulmonary infiltration. It is associated with alveolar hemorrhage as per histopathology and with haemoptysis as a symptom. The chest X-ray scan is one of the major sources of help in ruling out other conditions (e.g. pulmonary edema, pneumonia, pneumothorax) and that have sparingly clear radiological findings and are of less use in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. In about 25% of cases of pulmonary embolism, the chests X-ray are found to be normal. In fact, this is of great assistance, as the coexistence of severe dyspnoea, with a ventilation-perfusion lung scan of even intermediate probability, is practically diagnostic for pulmonary embolism. The only diagnosis available is the haematological examination which is quite advance for of diagnosis that helps in the diagnosis of PE is the measurement and quantification of D-dimers with the ELISA (Enzyme linked immune sorbent assay) method. Although this method is extremely sensitive (i.e.90%) but it is very non-specific. Since there is a presence of elevated levels of D-dimers in various other disease conditions that are clinically similar to pulmonary embolism, such as pneumonia, post-surgery trauma , cancer, myocardial infarction and heart failure, etc. In view of this, the most important contribution of D-dimers quantification is in ruling out pulmonary embolism when their levels are normal (i.e. high negative predictive values). Pulmonary angiography is one of the widely accepted techniques for the detection of pulmonary embolus within the circulation. It is basically performed whenever some noninvasive techniques and clinical data failed to diagnose the disease. It is an appropriate test to detect the patient with unstable hemodynamics. Therefore, it can be observed that the diagnosis of this condition is based on the valid clinical criteria and selective tests (Bergrem et al., 2013). This is primarily because the clinical presentations could not be distinguished from the other causes that arise from chest pain and breathe shortage. Treatment One of the known treatments of this condition is Anticoagulant therapy and this is one treatment that would definitely prevail. Intensely, there are also other supporting treatments that are available such as analgesia along with this treatment(Kabrhel, 2013). Mostly the people are admitted in the hospitals during the early stages of the disease and they usually remain under the care unless the INR has reached the appropriate therapeutic levels(Tapson, 2012). Nonetheless, the lower level risks can be managed in the homes itself and such a home treatment is common for this condition. The major cornerstone therapy for pulmonary embolism is to prevent the recurrence of new embolism by regular dosage of anticoagulants or a filter in the inferior vena cava, since it has been seen that the majority of the patients die due to continue deterioration in health because of formation of new emboli again and again. It is necessary to attempt the primary lysis of the embolus when the person is in haemodynamic condition or in shock. Supportive Therapy- The patients present with Hypoxaemia responds to oxygen administration since main patho-physiological mechanism is due to oxygen supply disturbances. Bed rest is often recommended and it helps in two ways. Firstly, it lessens the oxygen consumption which ultimately decreases the requirement of high cardiac output. Secondly, less movement will not allow the embolus to get detached from its peripheral location. Anticoagulant Therapy- The basic treatment of pulmonary embolus is heparin treatment which prevents the formation of thrombi and facilitates the physiological endogenous fibrinolysis to dissolve the older ones. It is recommended to start the heparin treatment even before the diagnosis of the pulmonary embolism. Low molecular weight heparin has been found safer and effective which is now being used for the dissolving hemodynamic stable pulmonary embolus. Filter placement - The use of filters in the inferior vena cava is indicated in the case of pulmonary embolus where there are problems and contraindications for use of anticoagulants or when there is formation of thrombi even after anticoagulant therapy. A filter doesnt appear to facilitate out in case of proximal DVT with freely floating thrombus. Thrombolysis- This therapy must be applied to the patient with circulatory shock and hemodynamic instability immediately. The patient with stable blood pressure, there is no objection in applying thrombolytic therapy. Thrombolytic therapy directly improves the heart function while at the same time significantly reduces the recurrence of new thrombi. Embolectomy- The patients with hemodynamic instability and in which the thromolytic treatment has failed, transvenous catheter embolectomy is done. Due to the advancement in technology, various tools has been developed which can aspire out the emboli from the pulmonary circulation. Surgical thrombus removal is suggested if such a therapy fails to suck out the thrombus from the circulation. Although the success rate is still not accepted for embolectomy as the patients in whom it is done are already in very critical condition. Some reports suggested that 58% of the patient death occur during emergency embolectomy due to heart attack. Cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest are the major two risk factors in case of this treatment. Hemodynamic stabilization and rapid diagnosis plays a major role in result improvement. Pulmonary endarterectomy with hypertension in the patients and evidence of embolism on pulmonary angiography has been reported in various literatures. Pulmonary hypertension and hemorrhage are the two main causes of mortality in case of pulmonary embolism. Conclusion Pulmonary embolism is among the top three biggest cause of death from cardiovascular diseases after cerebro-vascular stroke and myocardial infarction in todays world. After the diagnosis the mortality rate of pulmonary embolism is reached up to 15% within in 3 months. Since pulmonary embolism symptoms occur only in the 30% patients so it is very important to diagnose this disease at an early stage. The risk factor is associated to the people taking contraceptive pills, having cancer, pregnancy, undergoing hormonal therapy etc. Various methods are available for the diagnosis but it is really difficult to detect PE at an early stage so most of the diagnostics method fails. Treatment like anticoagulant therapy is widely accepted and shown promising results for dissolving and inhibiting the recurrence of new embolus. Therefore it is very important to detect this disease at early stage in order to save the patient from life threatening experience. References Barker, J. (2012).Current Approach to the Diagnosis of Acute Nonmassive Pulmonary Embolism.Yearbook Of Pulmonary Disease,2012, 227-228.doi:10.1016/j.ypdi.2012.01.078 Bergrem, A., Dahm, A., Jacobsen, A., Sandvik, L., Sandset, P. (2013). OC-16 Differential risk factors for pregnancy-related deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism Results from a population-based case-control study.Thrombosis Research,131, S75.doi:10.1016/s0049-3848(13)70042-2 Goodacre, S., Nelson-Piercy, C., Hunt, B., Chan, W. (2014). When should we use diagnostic imaging to investigate for pulmonary embolism in pregnant and postpartum women?.Emergency Medicine Journal,32(1), 78-82.doi:10.1136/emermed-2014-203871 Kabrhel, C. (2013). A Multidisciplinary Pulmonary Embolism Response Team.Chest,144(5), 1738.doi:10.1378/chest.13-1562 Kahler, Z., Moss Beam, D., Kline, J. (2014). 91 Physician Attitudes Toward Immediate Discharge of Low-Risk Pulmonary Embolism Patients from the Emergency Department.Annals Of Emergency Medicine,64(4), S33.doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.07.116 Lavorini, F., Di Bello, V., De Rimini, M., Lucignani, G., Marconi, L., Palareti, G. et al. (2013). Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism: a multidisciplinary approach.Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine,8(1), 75.doi:10.1186/2049-6958-8-75 Piovella, F., Iosub, D. (2015). Acute pulmonary embolism: risk assessment, risk stratification and treatment options.The Clinical Respiratory Journal, n/a-n/a. doi:10.1111/crj.12264 Sanjeevi, C. (2012). Autoimmune diseases and risk of pulmonary embolism.The Lancet,379(9812), 200-201.doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61510-9 Stansby, G., Berridge, D. (2013). Venous thromboembolism.British Journal Of Surgery,100(8), 989-990. doi:10.1002/bjs.9187 Tapson, V. (2012).Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Pulmonary Embolism.F1000 Med Rep,4.doi:10.3410/m4-9